-
1 дедуктивное доказательство
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > дедуктивное доказательство
-
2 Доказательство по выводу
Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Доказательство по выводу
-
3 demostración por deducción
Diccionario Español-Inglés Matemáticas > demostración por deducción
-
4 дедуктивный
-
5 доказательство
proof матем.* * *доказа́тельство с.
proofиме́ется [существу́ет] доказа́тельство, что … — there is evidence that …не приводя́ доказа́тельств — without proofдоказа́тельство предлага́ется привести́ чита́телю — proof will be left to the readerдедукти́вное доказа́тельство — deductive proofко́свенное доказа́тельство — indirect proofдоказа́тельство ме́тодом математи́ческой инду́кции — proof by perfect inductionнесводи́мое доказа́тельство — irreducible proofнестро́гое доказа́тельство — nonrigorous proofдоказа́тельство от проти́вного — proof by contradictionдоказа́тельство перебо́ром всех возмо́жных значе́ний переме́нных — proof by exhaustionстро́гое доказа́тельство — rigorous proofдоказа́тельство существова́ния — existence proof* * * -
6 дедуктивное доказательство
deductive reasoning, deductive proofРусско-английский словарь по электронике > дедуктивное доказательство
-
7 дедуктивное доказательство
deductive proof, deductive reasoningРусско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > дедуктивное доказательство
-
8 дедуктивное доказательство
deductive demonstration мат., deductive proofРусско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > дедуктивное доказательство
-
9 дедуктивный
1. inferential2. deductive -
10 доказательство
с. proofСинонимический ряд:свидетельство (сущ.) подтверждение; свидетельство; указаниеАнтонимический ряд: -
11 дедуктивное доказательство
1) General subject: syllogism2) Mathematics: deductive argument, deductive demonstration, deductive proofУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > дедуктивное доказательство
-
12 ἀπόδειξις
A showing forth, making known, exhibiting,δι' ἀπειροσύνην.. κοὐκ ἀπόδειξιν τῶν ὑπὸ γαίας E. Hipp. 196
.2 setting forth, publication,Ἠροδότου.. ἱστορίης ἀπόδεξις Hdt.
Prooem.; ἀρχῆς ἀ. an exposition, sketch of it, Th.1.97;ἀ. περὶ τὸν πολιτικόν Pl.Plt. 277a
;περί τινος R. 358b
.3 proof,βουλομένοισί σφι γένοιτ' ἂν ἀ. Hdt.8.101
;ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι Lys.12.19
, etc.; esp. by words,ἀποδείξεις εὑρίσκειν τινός Isoc.10.3
;ἀ. λέγειν Pl.Tht. 162e
;- ξεις φέρειν Plb.12.5.5
; χρῆσθαί τινι ἀποδείξει τινός use it as a proof of a thing, Plu.2.160a: in pl., proofs, or arguments in proof of,τινός D.18.300
, cf. Pl.Phd. 73a; ;ἄνευ ἀποδείξεως Pl.Phd. 92d
;μετ' ἀ. Plb.3.1.3
, al.; ἀ. λαμβάνειν.. τῶν μανθανόντων test them by examination, etc., Plu.2.736d;ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἐφήβων IG2.470.40
;ἀ. τέχνης
specimen,Dionys.Com.
3.4;ἀ. αὑτοῖς δοῦναί τινος Plu.2.79f
, etc.; citation, (Crete, ii B. C.).b in the Logic of Arist., demonstration, i. e. deductive proof by syllogism, AP0.71b17, al., cf. Epicur.Ep. 1p.25U., Stoic.2.89; opp. inductive proof ([etym.] ἐπαγωγή), Arist.AP0.81a40:—sts. in a loose sense,ἀ. ῥητορικὴ ἐνθύμημα Id.Rh. 1355a6
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπόδειξις
-
13 γεωμετρικός
A of or for geometry, geometrical, , etc.; ; ; μεσότης Theo Sm.p.106 H., etc. (cf. γαμετρικός); ἁρμονία Nicom.Ar.2.26
;θεωρήματα Plu.2.720a
([comp] Sup.); γεωμετρική (sc. τέχνη), geometry, Pl.Grg. 450d, Nicom.Com.1.18; τὰ -κά title of work on geometry, Democr.11n, cf. Arist.APo. 79a9. Adv. - κῶς by a rigidly deductive proof, Procl.in Prm.p.897 S., Id.in Ti.1.345 D.: γ. refellere, prove wrong to demonstration, Cic.Att.12.5.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γεωμετρικός
-
14 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
См. также в других словарях:
Deductive reasoning — Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments. Deductive arguments are attempts to show that a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises or hypotheses. A deductive… … Wikipedia
Proof-theoretic semantics — is an approach to the semantics of logic that attempts to locate the meaning of propositions and logical connectives not in terms of interpretations, as in Tarskian approaches to semantics, but in the role that the proposition or logical… … Wikipedia
Deductive system — A deductive system (also called a deductive apparatus of a formal system) consists of the axioms (or axiom schemata) and rules of inference that can be used to derive the theorems of the system.[1] Such a deductive system is intended to preserve… … Wikipedia
Deductive fallacy — A deductive fallacy is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument itself could have true premises, but still have a false conclusion.[1] Thus, a deductive fallacy is a fallacy where deduction goes wrong, and is no longer a… … Wikipedia
proof — /proohf/, n. 1. evidence sufficient to establish a thing as true, or to produce belief in its truth. 2. anything serving as such evidence: What proof do you have? 3. the act of testing or making trial of anything; test; trial: to put a thing to… … Universalium
proof — Synonyms and related words: Christophany, Ditto copy, Photostat, Satanophany, Xerox, Xerox copy, absolute indication, account, acid test, acquaintance, affirmation, airtight, ammunition, angelophany, announcement, appearance, argument, assay,… … Moby Thesaurus
Proof procedure — In logic, and in particular proof theory, a proof procedure for a given logic is a systematic method for producing proofs in some proof calculus of (provable) statements.There are several types of proof calculi. The most popular are natural… … Wikipedia
Mathematical proof — In mathematics, a proof is a convincing demonstration (within the accepted standards of the field) that some mathematical statement is necessarily true.[1][2] Proofs are obtained from deductive reasoning, rather than from inductive or empirical… … Wikipedia
Formal proof — See also: mathematical proof, proof theory, and axiomatic system A formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (called well formed formulas in the case of a formal language) each of which is an axiom or follows from the… … Wikipedia
conditional proof, rule of — The rule in a deductive system that if A1…An⊦ B then A1…An–⊦ An→ B … Philosophy dictionary
Descartes: methodology — Stephen Gaukroger INTRODUCTION The seventeenth century is often referred to as the century of the Scientific Revolution, a time of fundamental scientific change in which traditional theories were either replaced by new ones or radically… … History of philosophy
